This is the fourth report on serious violations of humanitarian law and human rights in Indian-Administered Jammu and Kashmir published by The Humanitarian Law Project/International Educational Development (HLP/IED) and the Association of Humanitarian Lawyers. HLP/IED undertook 7 fact-finding missions to Kashmir between 1991 and 1995.

Topics: United Nations action on Kashmir, the Kashmiri right to self-determination, the Kashmiri war and humanitarian law, the war--everyday reality, some recent events, India’s humanitarian law violations, violations of rights of detainees in Kashmir, the economic destruction of Kashmir, final assessment, what should the United Nations do

Terms: United Nations involvement, colonial or alien domination, right to self-determination, Quit Kashmir, Nimitz, McNaughton, human rights violations, humanitarian law violations, TADA, Public Safety Act (PSA), National Security Act (NSA), Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA), Tsar-i-Sharif (Charar-i-Sharief) arson, destruction of property, human shields, abduction and killing of Jalil Andrabi, killing of Mushtaq Ali, murder and torture of captured combatants, murder and torture of POWs, interrogation centers, International Federation of Human Rights investigations, International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims (Copenhagen) investigations, rape, Indian refusal to allow monitoring attacks on civilians, attacks on hospitals, attacks on medical personnel, interference with communications, interference with humanitarian assistance, destruction of villages, destruction of artifacts, torture of POWs, torture of civilians, violations against civilians, violations against detainees 

The report of a 1995 mission by the International Commission of Jurists as a result of concerns over human rights abuses committed during "disturbances" in Jammu and Kashmir, and centred in the Valley of Kashmir, beginning in 1988.

Topics: the land and the people, historical background , the uprising in Kashmir - origins and attitudes, human rights and the rule of law: India, misconduct by government forces and personnel, misconduct by militant groups, protection and assistance of civilians in Jammu an dKashmir, Azad Kashmir and the Northern Areas, an analysis of the concept of self-determination, response of the Government of India, response of the Government of Pakistan

Terms: alienation, attitudes, political aims, human rights law, humanitarian law, judicial system, freedom of speech/expression, freedom of assembly, extra-judicial executions, custodial killings, killings of non-combatants, torture, disappearances, rape, assaults, destruction of property and theft, personal and family life, kidnapping, hostage-taking, constraints on media, extortion, bribery, access to information, refugees and displaced persons in India, Public Safety Act (PSA), Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA), Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA), detention, curfew, habeas corpus, Dr. Farooq Ashai, Dr. Abdul Ahad Guru, H. N. Wanchoo

This report by the The South Asian Human Rights Documentation Centre (a network of individuals that seeks to investigate, document, and disseminate information about human rights) focuses on the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA), including its application in the "North East" of India as well as Indian-Administered Kashmir. Under AFSPA, all Indian forces have unrestricted and unaccounted power to once an area is declared disturbed. AFSPA gives armed forces wide powers to shoot, arrest and search, all in the name of "aiding civil power." The enforcement of the AFSPA has resulted in innumerable incidents of arbitrary detention, torture, rape, and looting by security personnel. This legislation is sought to be justified by the Government of India as required to stop secession.

Topics: historical background, the act and its provisions, legal analysis, Indian law, the Army Act, state of emergency, international law, international customary law, comparative law standards
Terms: The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA), Indian Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), constitutional rights, international human rights law, human rights violations, Indian state propaganda, legalized impunity, failure of international accountability

This report focuses on the human rights situation in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir in 1993 and 1994.  ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​The Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada is responsible for making decisions on immigration and refugee matters, including who needs refugee protection, among thousands of claimants who come to Canada annually.

Topics: geographical and historical overview, international relations, media access, main militant groups, Indian forces, human rights abuses by Indian forces, national security legislation, government measures to improve human rights protection, the judicial system, human rights abuses by militants, displaced populations, future prospects

Terms: international human rights monitors lack of access, propaganda, Newspapers Incitements to Offenses Act (1971), killing of journalist Ghulam Mohammed Lone, government media pressure, factionalism, Indian army, Border Security Force (BSF), Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), April 1993 killing off-duty Kashmiri police officer, cordon and search operations, curfews, troop presence, November 1993 Sopore Massacre, January 1993 Sopore Massacre, April 1992 Sopore Massacre, April 1993, April 1993 Lal Chowk Arson and Massacre, October 1993 Bijbehara Massacre, March 1994 Mahand Massacre, September 1994 Bandipora Massacre, extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearances, arbitrary arrest, routine disregard of laws, violation of habeas corpus, custodial killing, torture, rape, Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA), the Armed Forces (Special) Powers Act (AFSPA), the Jammu and Kashmir Public Safety Act (PSA), 1991 Amendment of Code of Criminal Procedure, impunity, failure to register complaints, denial of responsibility, falsification of records, intimidation of witnesses and complainants, partial inquiries

This report by Amnesty International details grave human rights violations in indian-administered Kashmir during 1994, including lack of legal redress, state impunity, extrajudicial killings, staged encounters, custodial rape, custodial torture, arbitrary detention and mistreatment of minors.

Topics: arbitrary arrest and detention, torture, deaths in custody, extrajudicial executions, disappearances, impunity, government attitude towards human rights in the state, reaction to the UN, denial of access

Terms: Border Security Forces (BSF), the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA), violation of international human rights law, Jammu and Kashmir Public Safety Act (PSA), Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA), custodial rape, custodial torture, violation of habeas corpus, custodial killings, extrajudicial killings, excessive use of force, enforced disappearances, fake encounters, judicial failure, legal impunity, excessive use of force, lack of international access, failure of accountability