This report by PHR and a division of Human Rights Watch documents human rights abuses and violations of the laws of war by Indian security forces. They also investigated incidents of abuse by armed militant groups who have also attacked civilians. As the conflict enters its fourth year, Indian troops have increasingly targeted civilians in an effort to crush support for the guerrilla forces.  Summary executions, rape, torture and deliberate assaults on health care workers have been part of this campaign, which has largely gone unnoticed by the outside world. 

Topics: response of government of India, historical background, applicable international law, violations of medical neutrality by government forces, preventing medical personnel from transporting wounded, refusal by security forces to provide or permit medical care for wounded, raids on hospitals, detentions, harassment and assaults on healthcare workers, torture: medical evidence, other medical consequences of the conflict, militant abuses, conclusions and recommendations, comments provided by the Government of India
Terms: failure of international accountability, terrorizing civilians, summary executions, indiscriminate attacks, violation of the right of habeas corpus, violation of right to healthcare, interference with the provision of care to the sick and wounded, assault, detention and harrassment of healthcare workers, extrajudicial killing of healthcare workers, custodial torture, beatings, electric shock, suspension by the feet or hands, stretching the legs apart, burning, sexual molestation, crushing with wooden rollers, acute renal failure, curfews, violation of neutrality of medical transport, militant attacks on healthcare workers opposed to militants, abuse of medical personnel, violation of international law, extrajudicial killings, right to medical care, right to life, arbitrary detention, excessive use of force, violations of international human rights law, violations of international humanitarian law, impunity, Indian state disinformation

This is a report of the UN working group on enforced or involuntary disappearances submitted to the UN Commission on Human Rights.

Topics: enforced disappearances, kidnappings, systematic rape, excessive use of force, kidnapping, impunity

Terms: Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA), violation of habeas corpus, torture, arbitrary detention, incommunicado detention, unacknowledged detention, intimidation, physical mistreatment, bribery, denial of state responsibility, disinformation

This is a writ petition filed by Baha-ud-din Farooqi, the former Chief Justice of the Jammu and Kashmir High Court. It has been edited with an introduction by Khalid Hasan. Farooqi files this on behalf of the J&K People’s Basic Rights (Protection) Committee. It rests on the argument that not only are actions taken by and on behalf of the Government of India in Kashmir since the start of the 1990 uprising immoral and violative of international law, but they are also illegal and unconstitutional under India's constitution.

Topics: introduction, an appeal to the president of India, appendices, violation of international human rights law, violation of Indian constitution, human rights violations in Kashmir

Terms: mass human rights atrocities in Kashmir, violation of democratic principles, legal impunity, excessive use of force, discrimination against Kashmir state, Kashmiri liberation struggle, fake encounters, Islamophobia

This is a report of the UN special rapporteur on arbitrary executions (Bacre Wally Ndiaye) submitted to the UN Commission on Human Rights.

Topics: extrajudicial executions, torture, purposes of torture, state impunity

Terms: custodial torture, custodial killing, custodial killing by torture, routine torture, torture to extract information, torture to deter political activity, suppression of free expression, excessive use of force, extrajudicial killings, arbitrary killings, March 1991 custodial killing and torture of Mohammad Afzal, Code of Criminal Procedure, Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA), immunity from prosecution, failure to investigate, failure to prosecute, state propaganda, state disinformation

This is the report of the UN special rapporteur on torture (P. Kooijmans) submitted to the UN Commission on Human Rights.

Topics: torture, uses of torture, methods of torture, impunity

Terms: torture for information, torture as deterrant, torture as reprisal, torture by police, torture by Indian forces, arbitrary detention, custodial torture, beatings, hanging, electric shocks, crushing by rollers, stabbing, sexual mutilation, rape, sexual abuse, widespread torture, systematic torture, patterns of rape of womey by army and paramilitary, police impunity, Code of Criminal Prcedure, custodial torture of Mohammed Akbar, Ghulam Mohiuddin S and Abdul Qayoom K, Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA), Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA), September 1991 Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Bill, failure to register complaints, failure to acknolwedge detetnions, denial of resopnisbility, disinformation, falsification fo judicial records and post-mortem reports, intimidation of witnesses and complainants, corruption, institutionalized practices of impunity, official policies promoting impunity